Publications

For a brief(ish) overview of my primary research program:

Lambon Ralph, M. A., Jefferies, E., Patterson, K. and Rogers, T. T. (2017). The neural and computational bases of semantic cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 18, 42–55. [doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.150]

Chen, L., Lambon Ralph, M. A. and Rogers, T. T. (2017). A unified theory of semantic representation and its disorders: Brain imaging, connectivity, and a neuro-computational model. Nature Human Behavior, 1(39), pp. 1-10, doi: 10.1038/s41562-016-0039.

Rogers, T. T. and McClelland, J. L. (2008). A précis of Semantic Cognition: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

Patterson, K., Nestor, P., & Rogers, T. T. (2007). Where do you know what you know? The representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8, 976-987.

Rogers , T. T. , Lambon Ralph, M. A, Garrard, P., Bozeat, S., McClelland, J. L., Hodges, J. R., and Patterson, K. (2004). The structure and deterioration of semantic memory: A neuropsychological and computational investigation. Psychological Review, 111(1), 205-235.

McClelland, J. L., and Rogers, T. T. (2003). The Parallel Distributed Processing approach to semantic cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4 (4), 310-322.

Semantic Cognition: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach

semantic cognition book This groundbreaking monograph offers a mechanistic theory of the representation and use of semantic knowledge, integrating the strengths and overcoming many of the weaknesses of hierarchical, categorization-based approaches, similarity-based approaches, and the approach often called “theory theory.” Building on earlier models by Geoffrey Hinton in the 1980s and David Rumelhart in the early 1990s, the authors propose that performance in semantic tasks arises through the propagation of graded signals in a system of interconnected processing units. The representations used in performing these tasks are patterns of activation across units, governed by weighted connections among them. Semantic knowledge is acquired through the gradual adjustment of the strengths of these connections in the course of day-to-day experience.

The authors show how a simple computational model proposed by Rumelhart exhibits a progressive differentiation of conceptual knowledge, paralleling aspects of cognitive development seen in the work of Frank Keil and Jean Mandler. The authors extend the model to address aspects of conceptual knowledge acquisition in infancy, disintegration of conceptual knowledge in dementia, “basic-level” effects and their interaction with expertise, and many findings introduced to support the idea that semantic cognition is guided by naive, domain-specific theories. Overview from MIT Press

Citation:
Rogers, T. T., and J. L. McClelland (2004). Semantic Cognition: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Journal articles / archived submissions

Rogers, T. T., Cox, C., Lu, Q., Shimotake, A., Kikuch, T., Kunieda, T., Miyamoto, S., Takahashi, R., Ikeda, A., Matsumoto, R., Lambon Ralph, M. A. (submitted). Evidence for a deep, distributed and dynamic semantic code in human ventral anterior temporal cortex. BioRXIV preprint here.

Frigo, V., Chen, L. and Rogers, T. T. (submitted). A cognitive mechanism for the emergence and persistence of widespread false beliefs. PsyArXiv preprint here.

Hoffman, P., Lambon Ralph, M. A., and Rogers, T. T. (in press). Semantic diversity is best measured with unscaled vectors: Reply to Cevoli, Watkins and Rastle (2020). Behavior Research Methods.

Cox, C. C. and Rogers, T. T. (2021). Finding distributed needles in neural haystacks. Journal of Neuroscience, 41(5), 1019-1032.

Jackson, R., Rogers, T. T. & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2021). Reverse-engineering the architecture of the cortical semantic system. Nature Human Behavior, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-01034-z.

Mukherjee, K. and Rogers, T. T. (2020). How does task structure shape representations in deep neural networks? 2nd Workshop on Shared Visual Representations in Human and Machine Intelligence (SVRHM), NeurIPS 2020.

Rogers, T. T. (2020). Neural networks as a critical level of description for cognitive neuroscience. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 32, 167-173.

Poldrack, R. and BIDS consortium (2019), The importance of standards for sharing of computational models and data. Computational Brain and Behavior. 2 (3-4), 229-232.

Schapiro, A. C., McDevitt, E. A., Rogers, T. T., Mednick, Sara C. & Norman, Kenneth A. (2018). Human hippocampal replay during rest prioritizes weakly-learned information and predicts memory performance. Nature Communications (9), article 3920.

Rogers, T. T. (2018). Understanding the diversity and consistency of neural codes for human semantic representations. Japanese Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 15(2), 55-62. Translated to the Japanese by Satoru Nishiyama.

Schapiro, A. C., McDevitt, E. A., Chen, L., Norman, K. A., Mednick, S. C. and Rogers, T. T. (2017). Sleep benefits memory for semantic category structure while preserving exemplar-specific information. Nature Scientific Reports, 7:14869, doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12884-5.

Rogers, T.T., and Wolmetz, M. (2016). Knowledge representation in neural systems: A cross-section of current research. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 33 (3-4), 121-129.

Rao, N., Nowak, R., Cox, C. R., and Rogers, T. T. (2016). Classification with the sparse group LASSO. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 64(2), 448-463. 10.1109/TSP.2015.2488586

Rogers, T. T., Patterson, K., Jefferies, E. & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2015). Disorders of representation and control in semantic cognition: Effects of familiarity, typicality, and specificity, Neuropsychologia, 76, 220-239.

Chen, L. & Rogers, T. T. (2015). A model of emergent category-specific activation in the posterior fusiform gyrus of sighted and congenitally blind populations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27:10, 1981-1999.

Rogers, T. T., Graham, K., & Patterson, K. (2015). Impairments to semantic memory degrade memory, perception, and naming of secondary but not primary colours. Neuropsychologia, 20, 296-308, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.010/

Kalish, C. W., Zhu, X. and Rogers, T. T. (2015). Drift in children’s categories: When experienced distributions conflict with prior learning. Developmental Science. DOI: 10.1111/desc.12280

Brown, M., Sibley, D., Washington, J., Rogers, T. T., Edwards, J., MacDonald, M. C. & Seidenberg, M. S. (2015). Impact of dialect knowledge on a basic component of learning to read. Frontiers in Psychology, 6:196.

Cox, C., Seidenberg, M. S. and Rogers, T. T. (2015). Connecting functional brain imaging and Parallel Distributed Processing. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 30(4), 380-394.

Chen, L. and Rogers, T. T. (2014). Revisiting domain-general accounts of category-specificity in mind and brain. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 5(3), 327-344.

Rogers, T. T. and McClelland, J. L. (2014). PDP at 25: Further explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Cognitive Science, 38, 1024-1077.

Shapiro, A., McClelland, J. L., Welbourne, S. R., Rogers, T. T. and Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2013). Why bilateral damage is worse than unilateral damage to the brain: Effects of focal vs. diffuse damage in attractor networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 25(12), 2107-2123.

Schapiro, A., Rogers, T. T., Cordova, N. I., Turk-Browne, N. B. and Botvinick, M. M. (2013). Neural representations of events arise from temporal community structure. Nature Neuroscience.

Gibson, B., Rogers, T. T. and Zhu, X. (2013). Human semi-supervised learning. Topics in Cognitive Science, 5, 132-172.

Hoffman, P., Lambon Ralph, M. A. and Rogers, T. T. (2013). Semantic diversity: A measure of semantic ambiguity based on variability in the contextual usage of words. Behavior Research Methods, 45, 718-730.

Lambon Ralph, M. A., Ehsan, S., Baker, G. and Rogers, T. T. (2012). Semantic memory is impaired in patients with unilateral temporal lobe resection for temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain, 135, 242-258.

Kalish, C. W., Rogers, T. T., Lang, J. and Zhu, X. (2011). Can semi-supervised learning explain incorrect beliefs about categories? Cognition, 120, 106-118.

Stilp, C. E., Rogers, T. T., & Kluender, K. (2010). Rapid efficient encoding of correlated complex acoustic properties. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(50), 21914-21919.

Rogers, T. T., Kalish, C., Gibson, B. R., Harrison, J. and Zhu, X. (2010). Semi-supervised learning is observed in a speeded but not an unspeeded 2D categorization task. Proceedings of the 32^nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.

Zhu, X., Gibson, B. R., Jun, K., Rogers, T. T., Harrison, J., and Kalish, C. (2010). Cognitive models of test-item effects in human category learning. International Conference on Machine Learning 2010.

Gibson, B., Zhu, X., Rogers, T. T., Kalish, C. and Harrison, J. (2010). Humans learn using manifolds, reluctantly. Advances in Neural Information Processing (NIPS) 2010.

McClelland, J. L., Botvinick, M. B., Noelle, D., Rogers, T. T., Seidenberg, M., and Smith, L. (2010). Letting structure emerge: connectionist and dynamic systems approaches to cognition, Trends in Cognitive Science, 14, 348-356.

Barense, M. D., Rogers, T. T., Bussey, T. J., Saksida, L. & Graham, K. S. (2010) Influence of conceptual knowledge on visual object discrimination: Insights from semantic dementia and MTL amnesia. Cerebral Cortex, advanced access published online Feb 2010.

Jefferies, E., Rogers, T. T., Hopper, S., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2010). “Pre-semantic” cognition revisited: Critical differences between semantic aphasia and semantic dementia. Neuropsychologia, 48(1), 248-261.

Hornberger, M., Bell, B., Graham, K. S., & Rogers, T. T. (2009). Are judgments of semantic relatedness systematically impaired in Alzheimer’s disease? Neuropsychologia, 47, 3084-3094.

Rogers, T. T. and McClelland, J. L. (2008). A précis of Semantic Cognition: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

Rogers, T. T., & McClelland, J. L. (2008). A simple model from a powerful framework that spans levels of analysis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31, 729-749.

Castro, R., Kalish, C., Nowak, R., Qian, R., Rogers, T. T., & Zhu, X. (2008). Human active learning. Advances in Neural Information Processing (NIPS) 2008. Rogers’s effort: 25%

Sahni, S., & Rogers, T. T. (2008). Sound versus meaning: What matters most in early word learning? Proceedings of the IEEE 7^th International Conference on Development and Learning.

Zhu, X., Rogers, T. T., Qian, R., & Kalish, C. (2007). Humans perform semi-supervised classification too. Proceedings of the Twenty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Patterson, K., Nestor, P. and Rogers, T. T. (2007). Where do you know what you know? The representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience.

Rogers, T. T. , Graham, K. and Patterson, K. (2007). Colour knowledge in semantic dementia: It’s not all black and white. Neuropsychologia, 45, 3285-3298.

Rogers, T. T. and Patterson, K. (2007) Object categorization: Reversals and explanations of the basic-level advantage. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136(3), 451-469.

Hauk, O., Patterson, K., Woollams, A., Pye, E., Pulvermuller, F. and Rogers, T. T. (2007). How the camel lost its hump: The impact of object typicality on ERP signals in object decision. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(8), 1338-1353 .

Lambon Ralph, M. A., Lowe, C., and Rogers, T. T. (2007). The neural basis of category-specific semantic deficits for living things: Evidence from semantic dementia, HSVE and a neural network model. Brain, 130, 1127-1137.

Rogers, T. T. , Hocking, J., Noppeney, U., Mechelli, A., Gorno-Tempini, M., Patterson, K. and Price, C. (2006). The anterior temporal cortex and semantic memory: Reconciling findings from neuropsychology and functional imaging. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience, 6(3), 201-213.

Adlam, A.-L., Patterson, K., Rogers, T. T., Salmond, C. H. and Hodges, J. R. (2006). Semantic dementia and primary progressive aphasia: Two sides of the same coin? Brain, 129, 3066-3080.

Hauk, O., Patterson, K., Woollams, A., Pulvermuller, F., Watling, L. and Rogers, T. T. (2006). [Q:] When would you prefer a SOSSAGE to a SAUSAGE? [A:] At about 100 ms. ERP correlates of orthographic typicality and lexicality in written word recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(5), 818-832.

Patterson, K., Lambon Ralph, M. A., Jefferies, E., Woollams, A., Jones, R., Hodges, J. R. and Rogers, T. T. (2006). ‘Pre-semantic’ cognition in semantic dementia: Six deficits in search of an explanation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(2), 169-183.

Rogers, T. T. , Ivanoiu, A. , Patterson, K., and Hodges, J. R. (2006). Semantic memory in Alzheimer’s disease and the fronto-temporal dementias: A longitudinal study of 236 patients. Neuropsychology, 20(3), 319-335.

Rogers, T. T. , Hocking, J., Mechelli, A., Patterson, K. and Price, C. (2005). Fusiform activation to animals is driven by the process, not the stimulus. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(3), 434-445.

Barense, M. D., Bussey, T. J., Lee, A. C. H., Rogers, T. T., Davies, R. R., Saksida, L. M., Murray, E. A. and Graham, K. (2005). Functional specialization in the human medial temporal lobe. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(44), 10239-10246.

Bak, T. H., Rogers, T. T., Crawford, L. M., Hearn, V. C., Mathuranath, P. S., and Hodges, J. R. (2005). Different patterns of cognitive impairment in atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 76, 420-422.

Rogers, T. T. , Lambon Ralph, M. A., Hodges, J. R., and Patterson, K. (2004). Natural selection: The impact of semantic impairment on lexical and object decision. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 21(2/3/4), 331-352.

Rogers, T. T. , Rakison, D. H., and McClelland, J. L. (2004). U-shaped curves in development: A PDP approach. Journal of Cognition and Development, 5(1), 137-145.

Rogers, T. T. , Lambon Ralph, M. A., Hodges, J., and Patterson, K. (2003). Object recognition under semantic impairment: The effects of conceptual regularities on perceptual decisions. Language and Cognitive Processes, 18(5/6), 625-662.

McClelland, J. L., and Rogers, T. T. (2003). The Parallel Distributed Processing approach to semantic cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4 (4), 310-322.

Rogers, T. T. (2003) Is there madness in the method? A commentary on Storms et al. (2003). Neuropsychology, 17 (2), 318-320.

Bozeat, S., Lambon Ralph, M. A., Graham, K. S., Patterson, K., Wikin, H., Rowland, J., Rogers, T. T., and Hodges, J. R. (2003) A duck with four legs: Investigating the structure of conceptual knowledge using picture drawing in semantic dementia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 20 (1), 27-47.

Rogers , T. T. and Bulman-Fleming, M. B. (1998). Arousal mediates relations among medial paw preference, lateral paw preference, and spatial preferences in the mouse. Behavioural Brain Research, 93 (1-2), 51- 62.

Bulman-Fleming, M. B., Bryden, M. P., and Rogers, T. T. (1997). Mouse paw preference: Effects of variation in testing protocol. Behavioural Brain Research, 86 (1), 79-87.

Edited volumes

Rogers, T. T., and Wolmetz, M. (2016). Knowledge representation in neural systems. Special issue of Cognitive Neuropsychology, vol 33 (3-4).

Rogers, T. T., & McClelland, J. L. (2014). Parallel Distributed Processing at 25: Further Explorations of the Microstructure of Cognition. Special issue of Cognitive Science.

Book Chapters

Rogers, T. T. (in press). Generalization and abstraction: Human memory as a magic library. In M. Kahana and A. Wagner (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Human Memory.

Rogers, T. T. and Cox, C. (2015). The neural bases of conceptual knowledge: Revisiting a golden-age hypothesis in the era of cognitive neuroscience. Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Memory, Rose Addis, Duarte & Barense (eds.), Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 60-83.

Rogers, T. T. and McClelland, J. L. (2011). Semantics without categorization. In Formal Approaches to Categorization, E. M. Pothos and A. Wills (Eds.), Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, Chapter 5.

McClelland, J. L., Rogers, T. T., Patterson, K., Dilnika, K., & Lambon Ralph, M. (2009). Semantic cognition: Its nature, its development, and its neural basis. The New Cognitive Neurosciences IV, M. Gazzaniga (Ed.), Boston MA: MIT Press, Chapter 72.

Rogers, T. T. (2009). Connectionist models. Encyclopaedia of Neuroscience, L. Squire (Ed.), Oxford: Academic Press, 75-82.

Rogers, T. T. (2008). Computational models of semantic memory. The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology, R. Sun (Ed.), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 226-266.

Rogers, T. T. and J. L. McClelland (2005). A Parallel Distributed Processing approach to semantic cognition: Applications to conceptual development. To appear in D. Rakison and L. Gershkoff-Stowe (eds.), Building Object Categories in Developmental Time: Proceedings of the Carnegie Symposium on Cognition, vol. 32. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 335-387.

Rogers, T. T. and Plaut, D. C. (2002) Connectionist perspectives on category-specific deficits. In E. Forde and G. Humphreys (eds.), Category specificity in brain and mind. Brighton: Psychology Press, 251-289.

Rogers, T. T. (2002) Semantic Memory: Computational Models. In L. Nadel (ed. in chief), The Encyclopaedia of Cognitive Science, MacMillan Reference Ltd.

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